User: The LinkTitles extension automatically added links to existing pages (https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles).

2021-02-06T15:48:25Z

The LinkTitles extension automatically added links to existing pages (https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles).

User: Created page with "Business Dictionary defines Expected Return as "the process of determining the average expected probability of various different rates of return that are possible on a given a..."

2019-02-21T17:44:35Z

Created page with "Business Dictionary defines Expected Return as "the process of determining the average expected probability of various different rates of return that are possible on a given a..."

New page

Business Dictionary defines Expected Return as "the process of determining the average expected probability of various different rates of return that are possible on a given asset. Factors in this determination include different market conditions as well as an asset's beta.'<ref>Definition: What is Expected Return? [http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/expected-return.html Business Dictionary]</ref>

== Expected Return Formula ==

'''How to Calculate Expected Return'''<ref>How to Calculate Expected Return? [https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/trading-investing/expected-return/ CFI]</ref> 
The return on the investment is an unknown variable that has different values associated with different probabilities. Expected return is calculated by multiplying potential outcomes (returns) by the chances of each outcome occurring, and then calculating the sum of those results (as shown below).

[[File:Expected_Return.png|400px|Expected Return Formula]] 
source: [https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/trading-investing/expected-return/ Corporate Finance Institute]

In the short term, the return on an investment can be considered a random variable that can take any values within a given range, with some distinct probabilities. The expected return is based on historical data, which may or may not provide reliable forecasting of future returns. Hence, the outcome is not guaranteed. Expected return is simply a measure of probabilities intended to show the likelihood that a given investment will, on average, generate a positive return, and what the likely return will be.

The purpose of calculating the expected return on an investment is to provide an investor with an idea of the probable return on an investment that carries some level of risk, such as a stock or mutual fund. This gives the investor a basis for comparison with the risk-free rate of return, as well as with the eventual actual return that the investor receives. The interest rate on 3-month U.S. Treasury bills is often used to represent the risk-free rate of return.

== Limitations of the Expected Return ==

'''The Drawbacks of Expected Return'''<ref>What are the limitations of Expected Return? [https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/expectedreturn.asp Invetopedia]</ref> 
It is quite dangerous to make investment decisions based on expected returns alone. Before making any buying decisions, investors should always review the risk characteristics of investment opportunities to determine if the investments align with their portfolio goals. For example, assume two hypothetical investments exist. Their annual performance results for the last five years are:

Investment A: 12%, 2%, 25%, -9%, 10%
Investment B: 7%, 6%, 9%, 12%, 6%

Both of these investments have expected returns of exactly 8%. However, when analyzing the risk of each, as defined by the standard deviation, Investment A is approximately five times riskier than Investment B (Investment A has a standard deviation of 12.6% and Investment B has a standard deviation of 2.6%).

== See Also ==
[[Return on Investment (ROI)]] 
[[Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)]] 
[[Return on Equity (ROE)]] 
[[Return on Capital (ROC)]] 
[[Return on Assets (ROA)]] 
[[Return on Capital Employed (ROCE)]] 
[[Return on Net Assets (RONA)]] 
[[Earnings Per Share (EPS)]] 
[[Shareholder Value]] 
[[Shareholder Theory]] 
[[Shareholder Value Perspective]] 
[[Shareholders' Equity]]

== References ==

<references/>

== Further Reading ==
*What is the Expected Return on a Stock? [http://personal.lse.ac.uk/martiniw/SVIXi%20latest.pdf Ian Martin Christian Wagner]
*Estimating Expected Returns [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228226820_Estimating_Expected_Returns Thomas K. Philips]
*Expectations of Returns and Expected Returns [https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Publication%20Files/expectedreturns20130722_final_9c8e14a8-d219-4c1b-b6f4-eed08c4e5845.pdf Robin Greenwood and Andrei Shleifer]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-Business Dictionary defines Expected Return as "the process of determining the average expected probability of various different rates of return that are possible on a given asset. Factors in this determination include different market conditions as well as an asset's beta.'<ref>Definition: What is Expected Return? [http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/expected-return.html Business Dictionary]</ref>
+[[Business]] Dictionary defines Expected Return as "the [[process]] of determining the average expected probability of various different rates of return that are possible on a given [[asset]]. Factors in this determination include different [[market]] conditions as well as an asset's beta.'<ref>Definition: What is Expected Return? [http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/expected-return.html Business Dictionary]</ref>
@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 '''How to Calculate Expected Return'''<ref>How to Calculate Expected Return? [https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/trading-investing/expected-return/ CFI]</ref><br />
-The return on the investment is an unknown variable that has different values associated with different probabilities. Expected return is calculated by multiplying potential outcomes (returns) by the chances of each outcome occurring, and then calculating the sum of those results (as shown below).
+The return on the investment is an unknown variable that has different values associated with different probabilities. Expected return is calculated by multiplying potential outcomes (returns) by the chances of each [[outcome]] occurring, and then calculating the sum of those results (as shown below).
@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 source: [https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/trading-investing/expected-return/ Corporate Finance Institute]
-In the short term, the return on an investment can be considered a random variable that can take any values within a given range,  with some distinct probabilities. The expected return is based on historical data, which may or may not provide reliable forecasting of future returns. Hence, the outcome is not guaranteed. Expected return is simply a measure of probabilities intended to show the likelihood that a given investment will, on average, generate a positive return, and what the likely return will be.
+In the short term, the return on an investment can be considered a random variable that can take any values within a given range,  with some distinct probabilities. The expected return is based on historical [[data]], which may or may not provide reliable [[forecasting]] of future returns. Hence, the outcome is not guaranteed. Expected return is simply a measure of probabilities intended to show the likelihood that a given investment will, on average, generate a positive return, and what the likely return will be.
-The purpose of calculating the expected return on an investment is to provide an investor with an idea of the probable return on an investment that carries some level of risk, such as a stock or mutual fund. This gives the investor a basis for comparison with the risk-free rate of return, as well as with the eventual actual return that the investor receives. The interest rate on 3-month U.S. Treasury bills is often used to represent the risk-free rate of return.
+The purpose of calculating the expected return on an investment is to provide an investor with an idea of the probable return on an investment that carries some level of [[risk]], such as a [[stock]] or mutual fund. This gives the investor a basis for comparison with the risk-free rate of return, as well as with the eventual actual return that the investor receives. The interest rate on 3-month U.S. Treasury bills is often used to represent the risk-free rate of return.
@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 '''The Drawbacks of Expected Return'''<ref>What are the limitations of Expected Return? [https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/expectedreturn.asp Invetopedia]</ref><br />
-It is quite dangerous to make investment decisions based on expected returns alone. Before making any buying decisions, investors should always review the risk characteristics of investment opportunities to determine if the investments align with their portfolio goals. For example, assume two hypothetical investments exist. Their annual performance results for the last five years are:
+It is quite dangerous to make investment decisions based on expected returns alone. Before making any buying decisions, investors should always review the risk characteristics of investment opportunities to determine if the investments align with their [[portfolio]] [[goals]]. For example, assume two hypothetical investments exist. Their annual performance results for the last five years are:
 Investment A: 12%, 2%, 25%, -9%, 10%
 Investment B: 7%, 6%, 9%, 12%, 6%
-Both of these investments have expected returns of exactly 8%. However, when analyzing the risk of each, as defined by the standard deviation, Investment A is approximately five times riskier than Investment B (Investment A has a standard deviation of 12.6% and Investment B has a standard deviation of 2.6%).
+Both of these investments have expected returns of exactly 8%. However, when analyzing the risk of each, as defined by the [[standard]] deviation, Investment A is approximately five times riskier than Investment B (Investment A has a standard deviation of 12.6% and Investment B has a standard deviation of 2.6%).

Expected Return - Revision history

User: The LinkTitles extension automatically added links to existing pages (https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles).

User: Created page with "Business Dictionary defines Expected Return as "the process of determining the average expected probability of various different rates of return that are possible on a given a..."