Gross Margin - Revision history

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'''Gross Margin''' is a company's net sales [[Revenue|revenue]] minus its [[Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)|cost of goods sold (COGS)]]. In other words, it is the sales revenue a company retains after incurring the [[Operating Expenses|direct costs associated with producing the goods]] it sells, and the [[Service|services]] it provides. The higher the gross margin, the more [[Capital|capital]] a company retains on each dollar of sales, which it can then use to pay other costs or satisfy debt obligations. The net sales figure is simply gross revenue, less the returns, allowances, and discounts.<ref>Definition - What Does Gross Margin Mean? [https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/grossmargin.asp Invetopedia]</ref>

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 Gross Margin is a financial metric used to assess a company's financial health and operational efficiency by indicating the percentage of sales revenue that exceeds the cost of goods sold (COGS). It's calculated by subtracting COGS from total sales revenue and dividing it by total sales revenue, often expressed as a percentage. Gross margin reveals how much a company earns taking into account the costs directly associated with producing its goods or services. A higher gross margin indicates that a company retains more capital on each dollar of sales, which can be used to pay other costs or satisfy debt obligations.
-*[[Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)]]: This refers to the direct costs attributable to the production of a company's goods. This includes the materials and labor cost directly used to create the product.
+*Cost of Goods Sold (COGS): This refers to the direct costs attributable to the production of a company's goods. This includes the materials and labor cost directly used to create the product.
 *Operating Margin Is the measure of what percentage of a company's revenue is left over after paying for variable production costs like wages, raw materials, etc. Comparing operating income to net sales gives insights into a company's management efficiency.
 *Net Profit Margin: Explaining how much of each dollar the company earns is translated into profits. It is calculated by taking the company’s net income divided by revenue, showing the overall profitability of a company.
 *[[Earnings Before Interest and Tax (EBIT)]]: This refers to a company's profit before interest and tax expenses are deducted. EBIT is a good indicator of a company's profitability and is often used as a synonym for operating income.
-*[[Revenue]]: Covering the total income generated by selling goods or services related to the company's primary operations. Revenue, or sales, is the starting point for calculating gross margin.
+*Revenue: Covering the total income generated by selling goods or services related to the company's primary operations. Revenue, or sales, is the starting point for calculating gross margin.
 *[[Financial Ratio]]s: Explaining various metrics used to evaluate the financial performance of a company, including liquidity, profitability, and solvency ratios. Gross margin is a key profitability ratio.
 *[[Break-even Point]]: Discussing determining when a business can cover all its expenses and begin to make a profit. Understanding gross margin is essential for performing break-even analysis.

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	== See Also ==		== See Also ==
		+	Gross Margin is a financial metric used to assess a company's financial health and operational efficiency by indicating the percentage of sales revenue that exceeds the cost of goods sold (COGS). It's calculated by subtracting COGS from total sales revenue and dividing it by total sales revenue, often expressed as a percentage. Gross margin reveals how much a company earns taking into account the costs directly associated with producing its goods or services. A higher gross margin indicates that a company retains more capital on each dollar of sales, which can be used to pay other costs or satisfy debt obligations.

		+	*[[Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)]]: This refers to the direct costs attributable to the production of a company's goods. This includes the materials and labor cost directly used to create the product.
		+	*Operating Margin Is the measure of what percentage of a company's revenue is left over after paying for variable production costs like wages, raw materials, etc. Comparing operating income to net sales gives insights into a company's management efficiency.
		+	*Net Profit Margin: Explaining how much of each dollar the company earns is translated into profits. It is calculated by taking the company’s net income divided by revenue, showing the overall profitability of a company.
		+	*[[Earnings Before Interest and Tax (EBIT)]]: This refers to a company's profit before interest and tax expenses are deducted. EBIT is a good indicator of a company's profitability and is often used as a synonym for operating income.
		+	*[[Revenue]]: Covering the total income generated by selling goods or services related to the company's primary operations. Revenue, or sales, is the starting point for calculating gross margin.
		+	*[[Financial Ratio]]s: Explaining various metrics used to evaluate the financial performance of a company, including liquidity, profitability, and solvency ratios. Gross margin is a key profitability ratio.
		+	*[[Break-even Point]]: Discussing determining when a business can cover all its expenses and begin to make a profit. Understanding gross margin is essential for performing break-even analysis.
		+	*[[Pricing Strategy]]: Covering how a company determines the price point to maximize profits on its products or services. Gross margin plays a crucial role in developing effective pricing strategies.
		+	*[[Inventory Management]]: Explaining the supervision of non-capitalized assets (inventory) and stock items. Proper inventory management can help improve a company's gross margin by reducing COGS.
		+	*[[Value Chain Analysis]]: This analyzes the activities through which a firm creates value. It can help identify ways to increase margins through optimization of production or sourcing.
		+	*Financial Statement Analysis: Covering analyzing a company's financial statements for decision-making. Gross margin is a key metric derived from income statements.
		+	*Markup and Margin: Explain the difference between markup (a percentage added to the cost of goods to cover overhead and profit) and margin (a percentage of the selling price that is turned into profit), two concepts closely related to gross margin.

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 '''Percentage margins and unit margins<ref>Percentage margins and unit margins [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_margin Wikipedia]</ref>'''<br />
-Gross margin can be expressed as a percentage or in total financial terms. If the latter, it can be reported on a per-unit basis or on a per-period basis for a business.
+Gross margin can be expressed as a percentage or in total financial terms. If the latter, it can be reported on a per-unit basis or on a per-period basis for a [[business]].
 "Margin (on sales) is the difference between selling price and cost. This difference is typically expressed either as a percentage of selling price or on a per-unit basis. Managers need to know margins for almost all marketing decisions. Margins represent a key factor in pricing, return on marketing spending, earnings forecasts, and analyses of customer profitability." In a survey of nearly 200 senior marketing managers, 78 percent responded that they found the "margin %" metric very useful while 65 percent found "unit margin" very useful. "A fundamental variation in the way people talk about margins lies in the difference between percentage margins and unit margins on sales. The difference is easy to reconcile, and managers should be able to switch back and forth between the two."
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 To know your company’s break-even point, utilize your gross margin. Your break-even point is the amount of revenue you need to earn in order for your total sales to equal total expenses. For example, if your business expenses total $50,000 and your gross margin is 50%, you would need to make $100,000 to cover your costs and break even.

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	*A percentage of net sales (also known as gross profit percentage or gross margin ratio)		*A percentage of net sales (also known as gross profit percentage or gross margin ratio)
	The gross margin may be calculated for an individual product, a product line, or for the entire company.		The gross margin may be calculated for an individual product, a product line, or for the entire company.
		+
		+	'''Percentage margins and unit margins<ref>Percentage margins and unit margins [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_margin Wikipedia]</ref>'''<br />
		+	Gross margin can be expressed as a percentage or in total financial terms. If the latter, it can be reported on a per-unit basis or on a per-period basis for a business.
		+
		+	"Margin (on sales) is the difference between selling price and cost. This difference is typically expressed either as a percentage of selling price or on a per-unit basis. Managers need to know margins for almost all marketing decisions. Margins represent a key factor in pricing, return on marketing spending, earnings forecasts, and analyses of customer profitability." In a survey of nearly 200 senior marketing managers, 78 percent responded that they found the "margin %" metric very useful while 65 percent found "unit margin" very useful. "A fundamental variation in the way people talk about margins lies in the difference between percentage margins and unit margins on sales. The difference is easy to reconcile, and managers should be able to switch back and forth between the two."
		+
		+	'''Importance of understanding gross margin<ref>Importance of understanding gross margin [patriotsoftware.com/blog/accounting/what-is-gross-margin/ Patriot]</ref>'''<br />
		+	Your gross margin can tell you a number of things. It can show you that your COGS is too high, pricing is too low, or offerings need an update or change.
		+
		+	Many business owners fail to recognize the significance of their gross margin, especially new startup owners that don’t have as much financial experience.
		+
		+	Calculating your business’s gross margin can help you:
		+	*Evaluate profitability
		+	*Save money
		+	*Determine your break-even point
		+	Knowing your business’s gross margin is essential in assessing your profitability. Calculating gross margin lets you see how much profit you make after you factor in your cost of goods sold. Without your gross margin, you wouldn’t know how profitable your business is and whether or not you need to make adjustments to prices or direct costs.
		+
		+	If you’re looking to save money, your gross margin can help. As you saw in one example, you can calculate gross margin on a per-product basis. Calculating gross margin can show you if you’re spending too much time or labor on a certain product or service. Having your gross margin can help you make decisions that will keep your costs lower and improve your profits in the long run.
		+
		+	To know your company’s break-even point, utilize your gross margin. Your break-even point is the amount of revenue you need to earn in order for your total sales to equal total expenses. For example, if your business expenses total $50,000 and your gross margin is 50%, you would need to make $100,000 to cover your costs and break even.

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	*A percentage of net sales (also known as gross profit percentage or gross margin ratio)		*A percentage of net sales (also known as gross profit percentage or gross margin ratio)
	The gross margin may be calculated for an individual product, a product line, or for the entire company.		The gross margin may be calculated for an individual product, a product line, or for the entire company.
		+
		+
		+
		+	===References===
		+	<references/>

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	'''Gross Margin''' is a company's net sales [[Revenue\|revenue]] minus its [[Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)\|cost of goods sold (COGS)]]. In other words, it is the sales revenue a company retains after incurring the [[Operating Expenses\|direct costs associated with producing the goods]] it sells, and the [[Service\|services]] it provides. The higher the gross margin, the more [[Capital\|capital]] a company retains on each dollar of sales, which it can then use to pay other costs or satisfy debt obligations. The net sales figure is simply gross revenue, less the returns, allowances, and discounts.<ref>Definition - What Does Gross Margin Mean? [https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/grossmargin.asp Invetopedia]</ref>		'''Gross Margin''' is a company's net sales [[Revenue\|revenue]] minus its [[Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)\|cost of goods sold (COGS)]]. In other words, it is the sales revenue a company retains after incurring the [[Operating Expenses\|direct costs associated with producing the goods]] it sells, and the [[Service\|services]] it provides. The higher the gross margin, the more [[Capital\|capital]] a company retains on each dollar of sales, which it can then use to pay other costs or satisfy debt obligations. The net sales figure is simply gross revenue, less the returns, allowances, and discounts.<ref>Definition - What Does Gross Margin Mean? [https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/grossmargin.asp Invetopedia]</ref>
		+
		+	Gross Margin is an indicator of whether a company is running an efficient operation and if its sales are good enough. Gross Margin is also known as Gross Profit Margin. However, the term “Profit Margin” by itself may refer to any of the following margins:
		+	*Operating Profit Margin
		+	*Pre-Tax Profit Margin
		+	*Net Profit Margin
		+	Each of these profit margins weigh the cost of doing business with or without certain costs factors. For instance, operating profit margin is calculated without interest or tax, while net profit margin considers all expenses related to the production of a product (it’s also known as “the bottom line”).<ref>Explaining Gross Margin [https://www.freshbooks.com/hub/accounting/calculate-gross-margin Freshbooks]</ref>
		+
		+	'''Gross Margin Can be an Amount or an Expense'''<ref>Gross Margin Can be an Amount or an Expense [https://www.accountingcoach.com/blog/what-is-gross-margin Accounting Coach]</ref><br />
		+	Gross margin could be expressed as:
		+	*An amount (also known as gross profit)
		+	*A percentage of net sales (also known as gross profit percentage or gross margin ratio)
		+	The gross margin may be calculated for an individual product, a product line, or for the entire company.