IT Governance - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 11:44, 11 March 2024
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−	''IT Governance'' refers to the systematic and structured approach that integrates processes, frameworks, and decision-making mechanisms to direct and control the use of [[Information Technology (IT)]] within an organization. This management strategy ensures that the [[IT Infrastructure]] supports and enables the achievement of organizational goals, objectives, and strategies.	+	'''IT Governance''' refers to the systematic and structured approach that integrates processes, frameworks, and decision-making mechanisms to direct and control the use of [[Information Technology (IT)]] within an organization. This management strategy ensures that the [[IT Infrastructure]] supports and enables the achievement of organizational goals, objectives, and strategies.

	A key aspect of IT Governance is the establishment of well-defined policies, procedures, and controls. These provide guidelines for all IT-related activities and decisions within the organization, ensuring consistency, security, and adherence to best practices and legal requirements.		A key aspect of IT Governance is the establishment of well-defined policies, procedures, and controls. These provide guidelines for all IT-related activities and decisions within the organization, ensuring consistency, security, and adherence to best practices and legal requirements.

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:44, 11 March 2024
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−	~~== What is IT Governance? ==~~
	''IT Governance'' refers to the systematic and structured approach that integrates processes, frameworks, and decision-making mechanisms to direct and control the use of [[Information Technology (IT)]] within an organization. This management strategy ensures that the [[IT Infrastructure]] supports and enables the achievement of organizational goals, objectives, and strategies.		''IT Governance'' refers to the systematic and structured approach that integrates processes, frameworks, and decision-making mechanisms to direct and control the use of [[Information Technology (IT)]] within an organization. This management strategy ensures that the [[IT Infrastructure]] supports and enables the achievement of organizational goals, objectives, and strategies.

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 IT governance is essential for organizations as it provides a framework and structure for effectively managing and aligning IT with business objectives. Here are some key reasons why organizations need IT governance and its importance:
-#Strategic Alignment: IT governance ensures that IT activities, initiatives, and investments are closely aligned with the organization's strategic goals and objectives. It helps bridge the gap between IT and business, enabling IT to support and contribute to achieving strategic priorities. By aligning IT with business strategy, organizations can maximize the value and impact of technology on their overall success.
+#[[Strategic Alignment]]: IT governance ensures that IT activities, initiatives, and investments are closely aligned with the organization's strategic goals and objectives. It helps bridge the gap between IT and business, enabling IT to support and contribute to achieving strategic priorities. By aligning IT with business strategy, organizations can maximize the value and impact of technology on their overall success.
-#Risk Management: IT governance establishes processes and controls to identify, assess, and mitigate IT-related risks. It ensures that appropriate security measures, data protection practices, and regulatory compliance requirements are in place. Effective IT governance helps organizations safeguard sensitive information, protect against cyber threats, and ensure business continuity.
+#[[Risk Management]]: IT governance establishes processes and controls to identify, assess, and mitigate IT-related risks. It ensures that appropriate security measures, data protection practices, and regulatory compliance requirements are in place. Effective IT governance helps organizations safeguard sensitive information, protect against cyber threats, and ensure business continuity.
-#Decision-Making and Accountability: IT governance provides a framework for decision-making and accountability within the IT function. It defines clear roles, responsibilities, and decision rights, promoting effective decision-making processes and ensuring that decisions are aligned with organizational goals. This clarity and accountability enhance organizational efficiency and effectiveness.
+#[[Decision Making]] and Accountability: IT governance provides a framework for decision-making and accountability within the IT function. It defines clear roles, responsibilities, and decision rights, promoting effective decision-making processes and ensuring that decisions are aligned with organizational goals. This clarity and accountability enhance organizational efficiency and effectiveness.
-#Resource Allocation and Optimization: IT governance facilitates efficient and effective allocation of IT resources, including financial, human, and technological resources. It helps prioritize and optimize IT investments, ensuring that resources are allocated to initiatives that deliver the most value and align with strategic priorities. Through IT governance, organizations can avoid wasteful spending, optimize resource utilization, and improve return on investment.
+#[[Resource Allocation]] and Optimization: IT governance facilitates efficient and effective allocation of IT resources, including financial, human, and technological resources. It helps prioritize and optimize IT investments, ensuring that resources are allocated to initiatives that deliver the most value and align with strategic priorities. Through IT governance, organizations can avoid wasteful spending, optimize resource utilization, and improve return on investment.
-#Performance Measurement: IT governance establishes performance metrics and monitoring mechanisms to track the performance of IT initiatives, projects, and service delivery. It enables organizations to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of IT operations, measure the achievement of objectives, and identify areas for improvement. Performance measurement through IT governance promotes a culture of continuous improvement and informed decision-making.
+#[[Performance Measurement]]: IT governance establishes performance metrics and monitoring mechanisms to track the performance of IT initiatives, projects, and service delivery. It enables organizations to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of IT operations, measure the achievement of objectives, and identify areas for improvement. Performance measurement through IT governance promotes a culture of continuous improvement and informed decision-making.
-#Stakeholder Engagement: IT governance involves engaging and involving key stakeholders, including senior management, business units, IT teams, and external partners. It fosters collaboration, communication, and a shared understanding of IT-related matters. By involving stakeholders in decision-making processes and providing them with visibility and transparency, IT governance builds trust, enhances relationships, and improves the overall IT-business alignment.
+#[[Stakeholder Engagement]]: IT governance involves engaging and involving key stakeholders, including senior management, business units, IT teams, and external partners. It fosters collaboration, communication, and a shared understanding of IT-related matters. By involving stakeholders in decision-making processes and providing them with visibility and transparency, IT governance builds trust, enhances relationships, and improves the overall IT-business alignment.
-#Compliance and Audit: IT governance helps organizations meet regulatory and compliance requirements specific to the IT domain. It establishes control mechanisms, policies, and processes that ensure legal, industry, and internal standards adherence. Through IT governance, organizations can confidently undergo audits, demonstrate compliance, and mitigate legal and regulatory risks.
+#[[Compliance]] and Audit: IT governance helps organizations meet regulatory and compliance requirements specific to the IT domain. It establishes control mechanisms, policies, and processes that ensure legal, industry, and internal standards adherence. Through IT governance, organizations can confidently undergo audits, demonstrate compliance, and mitigate legal and regulatory risks.
 Overall, IT governance is crucial for organizations as it provides a structured approach to effectively managing and leveraging IT resources. It enables organizations to make informed decisions, manage risks, optimize resource allocation, measure performance, engage stakeholders, and ensure compliance. By implementing effective IT governance, organizations can harness the power of technology to drive innovation, enhance operational efficiency, and achieve their strategic objectives.
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 == Domains of IT Governance (Figure 2.)<ref>[http://blog.dayaciptamandiri.com/2014/02/5-domain-dari-it-governance.html The Five Domains of IT Governance -dayaciptamandiri]</ref> ==
 Ask a room of IT governance professionals and business executives this question and chances are each one would provide a different answer. Fortunately, the ISACA organization, a leading global provider of certifications, knowledge, advocacy, and education of information systems, assurance, and security has developed some useful guidance that separates IT Governance into 5 separate domains (ISACA, 2013) each of which are briefly described below:
-#[[Strategic Alignment]]: Strategic Alignment is concerned with how IT supports the enterprise strategy and how IT operations are aligned with current enterprise operations. Alignment involves:
+#Strategic Alignment: Strategic Alignment is concerned with how IT supports the enterprise strategy and how IT operations are aligned with current enterprise operations. Alignment involves:
 #*Understanding the needs of the business
 #*Developing IT strategy and objectives
@@ Line 365: / Line 365: @@
 == See Also ==
 #[[IT Strategic Planning]]
 #[[Enterprise Architecture|Enterprise Architecture (EA)]]
@@ Line 379: / Line 392: @@
 #[[Risk Governance]]
+Effective IT Governance ensures that IT supports business goals, adds business value, manages IT-related risks and resources efficiently, and measures IT performance. It's a strategic element of overarching corporate governance, requiring attention from top management and board directors to succeed.
 == References ==
 <references />

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 == See Also ==
-#[[IT Strategic Planning]]: IT Strategic Planning outlines an organization's IT direction to align with business goals. IT Governance ensures that this planning aligns with business objectives and that there's a structure in place to oversee its execution.
+#[[IT Strategic Planning]]
-#[[Enterprise Architecture|Enterprise Architecture (EA)]]: EA provides a holistic view of an organization's IT infrastructure, processes, and projects. Good governance ensures that the organization's enterprise architecture aligns with its strategic objectives and optimizes IT operations.
+#[[Enterprise Architecture|Enterprise Architecture (EA)]]
-#IT Risk Management: Part of IT Governance, it involves identifying, assessing, and managing IT risks. Ensuring that IT risks are well-managed protects business operations and helps in achieving business objectives.
+#IT Risk Management
-#IT Compliance and Regulations: Governance often involves ensuring IT compliance with various industry and governmental regulations. This can include data protection standards, financial reporting standards, and other regulatory requirements relevant to IT.
+#IT Compliance and Regulations
-#[[Business IT Alignment]]: Business IT Alignment is about ensuring the IT function supports and drives business objectives. Effective IT Governance is essential to achieve and maintain this alignment.
+#[[Business IT Alignment]]
-#[[IT Portfolio Management (ITPM)]]: This is about managing IT investments effectively. IT Governance provides the oversight to ensure that IT investments (like projects and services) align with business strategies and deliver value.
+#[[IT Portfolio Management (ITPM)]]
-#IT Performance Metrics: To ensure IT governance is effective, there needs to be a way to measure IT's performance. IT Performance Metrics offer quantitative ways to assess how well IT aligns with and supports business objectives.
+#IT Performance Metrics
 #[[Project Portfolio Management (PPM)]]
 #[[Information Governance (IG)]]

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 *Therefore, the objective of IT Governance is not just the delivery of risk-optimized business value but also to engender the trust of the key stakeholder in the people to who they have entrusted their money and/or livelihood!
 **One can argue that this trust results in more business value. No doubt. But the fact remains that it is a means to that end and must be recognized independently as a motivation for IT Governance.
-**In a sense, IT Governance acts upon the old adage of "trust but verify!"<ref>[https://cioindex.com/reference/demystifying-it-governance/ What is Meant by IT Governance?]</ref>
+**In a sense, IT Governance acts upon the old adage of "trust but verify!"

@@ Line 87: / Line 87: @@
 == Corporate Governance of Information Technology (CGIT) ==
-Information Technology Governance is an essential element of corporate governance so it is sometimes referred to as the corporate governance of information technology.
+Information Technology Governance is an essential element of [[Corporate Governance|corporate governance]] so it is sometimes referred to as the corporate governance of information technology.
 IT governance is a broad concept that is centered on the IT department or environment delivering business value to the enterprise. It is a set of rules, regulations, and policies that define and ensure the effective, controlled, and valuable operation of an IT department. It also provides methods to identify and evaluate the performance of IT and how it relates to business growth. Moreover, by following and implementing an [[IT Governance Framework]] such as ISACA's COBIT Framework, an organization can comply with regulatory requirements and reduce IT business while attaining measurable business benefits.IT governance uses, manages, and optimizes IT in such a way that it supports, complements or enables an organization to achieve its goals and objectives.<ref>[https://www.techopedia.com/definition/19641/information-technology-governance-it-governance Explaining Information Technology Governance -Techopedia]</ref>
@@ Line 139: / Line 139: @@
 == Domains of IT Governance (Figure 2.)<ref>[http://blog.dayaciptamandiri.com/2014/02/5-domain-dari-it-governance.html The Five Domains of IT Governance -dayaciptamandiri]</ref> ==
 Ask a room of IT governance professionals and business executives this question and chances are each one would provide a different answer. Fortunately, the ISACA organization, a leading global provider of certifications, knowledge, advocacy, and education of information systems, assurance, and security has developed some useful guidance that separates IT Governance into 5 separate domains (ISACA, 2013) each of which are briefly described below:
-#Strategic Alignment: Strategic Alignment is concerned with how IT supports the enterprise strategy and how IT operations are aligned with current enterprise operations. Alignment involves:
+#[[Strategic Alignment]]: Strategic Alignment is concerned with how IT supports the enterprise strategy and how IT operations are aligned with current enterprise operations. Alignment involves:
 #*Understanding the needs of the business
 #*Developing IT strategy and objectives
@@ Line 155: / Line 155: @@
 #*Business value measurement
 #*Process improvement
-#Risk Management: Risk Management is about the safeguarding of IT assets, disaster recovery, and continuity of operations including security and information integrity.
+#Risk Management: Risk Management is about safeguarding IT assets, disaster recovery, and continuity of operations including security and information integrity.
 #*Organizational risk appetite
 #*Project and investment risk mitigation
@@ Line 365: / Line 365: @@
 == See Also ==
-* [[Project Portfolio Management (PPM)]]
+#[[IT Strategic Planning]]: IT Strategic Planning outlines an organization's IT direction to align with business goals. IT Governance ensures that this planning aligns with business objectives and that there's a structure in place to oversee its execution.
-* [[Information Governance (IG)]]
+#[[Enterprise Architecture|Enterprise Architecture (EA)]]: EA provides a holistic view of an organization's IT infrastructure, processes, and projects. Good governance ensures that the organization's enterprise architecture aligns with its strategic objectives and optimizes IT operations.
-* [[E-Governance]]
+#IT Risk Management: Part of IT Governance, it involves identifying, assessing, and managing IT risks. Ensuring that IT risks are well-managed protects business operations and helps in achieving business objectives.
-* [[Cloud Computing Governance]]
+#IT Compliance and Regulations: Governance often involves ensuring IT compliance with various industry and governmental regulations. This can include data protection standards, financial reporting standards, and other regulatory requirements relevant to IT.
-* [[Data Governance]]
+#[[Business IT Alignment]]: Business IT Alignment is about ensuring the IT function supports and drives business objectives. Effective IT Governance is essential to achieve and maintain this alignment.
-* [[Risk Governance]]
+#[[IT Portfolio Management (ITPM)]]: This is about managing IT investments effectively. IT Governance provides the oversight to ensure that IT investments (like projects and services) align with business strategies and deliver value.

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 == What is IT Governance? ==
 ''IT Governance'' refers to the systematic and structured approach that integrates processes, frameworks, and decision-making mechanisms to direct and control the use of [[Information Technology (IT)]] within an organization. This management strategy ensures that the [[IT Infrastructure]] supports and enables the achievement of organizational goals, objectives, and strategies.
 A key aspect of IT Governance is the establishment of well-defined policies, procedures, and controls. These provide guidelines for all IT-related activities and decisions within the organization, ensuring consistency, security, and adherence to best practices and legal requirements.
-IT Governance aligns IT initiatives and investments with the overall organization's strategic objectives. This involves evaluating, prioritizing, and approving IT projects, investments, and capabilities based on various factors. These factors include, but are not limited to, business needs, risk management considerations, stakeholder interests, and the efficient allocation of resources.
+IT Governance aligns IT initiatives and investments with the overall organization's strategic objectives. This involves evaluating, prioritizing, and approving IT projects, investments, and capabilities based on various factors. These factors include but are not limited to, business needs, risk management considerations, stakeholder interests, and the efficient allocation of resources.
 Effective IT Governance also emphasizes strong communication and collaboration across various departments, teams, and stakeholders. It fosters involvement, engagement, and informed participation from relevant stakeholders, enabling diverse perspectives and expertise to be considered in decision-making processes.
@@ Line 25: / Line 24: @@
 Essentially, IT Governance uses formal and informal mechanisms to monitor and control key information technology capability decisions - in an attempt - to ensure the delivery of value to key stakeholders in an organization. Where IT Strategy sets the approach for using IT for business value, governance sets the direction.
 == Key Elements of IT Governance ==
@@ Line 130: / Line 133: @@
-[[File:IT_Governance2.jpg|300px|IT Governance Landscape]]<br />
+[[File:IT_Governance2.jpg|500px|IT Governance Landscape]]<br />
-'''Figure 1.'''
+'''Figure 1.'''  source: IBM
@@ Line 167: / Line 169: @@
-[[File:IT_Governance.png|300px|Domains of IT Governance]]<br />
+[[File:IT_Governance.png|400px|Domains of IT Governance]]<br />
-'''Figure 2. '''
+'''Figure 2. ''' source: Maciej Rostanski,Marek Pyka et al.
@@ Line 211: / Line 212: @@
-[[File:IT_Governance1.jpg|300px|IT Governance Implementation Lifecycle]]<br />
+[[File:IT_Governance1.jpg|500px|IT Governance Implementation Lifecycle]]<br />
-'''Figure 3.'''
+'''Figure 3.''' source: BusinessOfGovernment.Org
@@ Line 283: / Line 283: @@
-Figure 4 illustrates the typical benefits and impacts seen when implementing IT governance for clients across various industry sectors.
+Figure 4 illustrates the typical benefits and impacts seen when implementing IT governance for clients across various industry sectors.<br />
-[[File:IT_Governance3.png|300px|Benefits of IT Governance]]<br />
+[[File:IT_Governance3.png|500px|Benefits of IT Governance]]<br />
-'''Figure 4.'''
+'''Figure 4.''' source: Cognizant
 == IT Governance, Risk Management, and Compliance ==
-'''IT Governance, Risk and Compliance (IT GRC)(Figure 6)'''<ref>[https://www.pwc.com/th/en/rcs/it-grc.html IT Governance, Risk and Compliance (IT GRC)-PWC]</ref>
+'''IT Governance, Risk and Compliance (IT GRC)(Figure 5)'''<ref>[https://www.pwc.com/th/en/rcs/it-grc.html IT Governance, Risk and Compliance (IT GRC)-PWC]</ref>
 "Adopting a unified IT Governance, Risk and Compliance (IT GRC) approach, and managing the associated activities coherently will create efficiencies, provide a holistic view of the IT environment and ensure accountability."
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 *The optimal investments are made in IT and critical IT resources are responsibly, effectively, and efficiently managed and used.
-[[File:IT Governance5.jpg|300px|IT Governance, Risk and Compliance (IT GRC]]<br />
+[[File:IT Governance5.jpg|500px|IT Governance, Risk and Compliance (IT GRC]]<br />
-'''Figure 6'''source: PWC
+'''Figure 5''' source: PWC
 Some important issues:
@@ Line 313: / Line 312: @@
-== IT Governance Maturity Model (Figure 5.)<ref>[https://www.knowledgeleader.com/knowledgeleader/content.nsf/web+content/methodologiesmodelsitgovernancecapabilitymaturity IT Governance Maturity Model -knowledgeleader]</ref> ==
+== IT Governance Maturity Model (Figure 6.)<ref>[https://www.knowledgeleader.com/knowledgeleader/content.nsf/web+content/methodologiesmodelsitgovernancecapabilitymaturity IT Governance Maturity Model -knowledgeleader]</ref> ==
 The figure below illustrates the capability maturity model for the IT governance process. This capability maturity model (CMM) describes a maturity curve on these capability levels: initial/ad hoc, repeatable, defined, managed, and optimized, along with these parameters: strategic alignment, value delivery, risk management, resource management, and performance management.
-[[File:IT Governance4.jpg|300px|IT Governance Capability Maturity Model]]<br />
+[[File:IT Governance4.jpg|500px|IT Governance Capability Maturity Model]]<br />
-'''Figure 5.'''
+'''Figure 6.'''  source: Knowledge Leader
@@ Line 351: / Line 349: @@
 *Effective ROI: When conceptualizing a project with long-term implications, carefully study every aspect business-related: the financial, operational, and reputation-based projects of technology investments.
 *Stakeholder Analysis And Education: Democratizing access and educating every stakeholder is integral to making technology ubiquitous. In most organizations, many stakeholders are unaware or cannot connect due to multiple reasons. Also, educating relevant stakeholders about proper technology facets enhances the impact. Long-term viability and sustainability a function of how IT permeates into the organization ethic.<ref>Example of IT Governance Talking points</ref>
 == 10 Important Factors to Consider When Developing Your IT Governance Strategy ==
 #Establishing effective IT governance is crucial for organizations to ensure their technology investments align with business objectives.
-#Implementing strong IT governance practices can help organizations to manage risk better and comply with regulatory requirements.
+#Implementing strong IT governance practices can help organizations manage risk better and comply with regulatory requirements.
 #Adhering to industry standards and best practices is a key component of sound IT governance.
 #Fostering a culture of accountability and transparency is essential to the success of IT governance initiatives.
@@ Line 372: / Line 371: @@
 * [[Data Governance]]
 * [[Risk Governance]]
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 *[https://hbr.org/2013/08/it-governance-is-killing-innov IT Governance is Killing Innovation]
 *[https://cioindex.com/reference/information-technology-governance-plan-example/ Information Technology Governance Plan Example].

@@ Line 100: / Line 100: @@
 *The IT Governance Institute (ISACA) defines IT Governance as follows:<br />
 "...leadership, organizational structures and processes to ensure that the organization's IT sustains and extends the organization's strategies and objectives."<ref> [http://www.isaca.org/restricted/Documents/26904_Board_Briefing_final.pdf Board briefing on IT Governance by -ISACA]</ref>
-*[https://www.gartner.com/en/information-technology/glossary/it-governance According to Gartner] IT governance (ITG) is defined as "the processes that ensure the effective and efficient use of IT in enabling an organization to achieve its goals." IT demand governance (ITDG — what IT should work on) is the process by which organizations ensure the effective evaluation, selection, prioritization, and funding of competing IT investments; oversee their implementation, and extract (measurable) business benefits. ITDG is a business investment decision-making and oversight process, and it is a business management responsibility. IT supply-side governance (ITSG — how IT should do what it does) is concerned with ensuring that the IT organization operates in an effective, efficient and compliant fashion, and it is primarily a CIO responsibility.<ref>[http://www.gartner.com/it-glossary/it-governance Gartner's definition of IT governance-Gartner]</ref>
+*[https://www.gartner.com/en/information-technology/glossary/it-governance According to Gartner] IT governance (ITG) is defined as "the processes that ensure the effective and efficient use of IT in enabling an organization to achieve its goals." IT demand governance (ITDG — what IT should work on) is the process by which organizations ensure the effective evaluation, selection, prioritization, and funding of competing IT investments; oversee their implementation, and extract (measurable) business benefits. ITDG is a business investment decision-making and oversight process, and it is a business management responsibility. IT supply-side governance (ITSG — how IT should do what it does) is concerned with ensuring that the IT organization operates in an effective, efficient and compliant fashion, and it is primarily a [[Chief Information Officer (CIO)|CIO]] responsibility.<ref>[http://www.gartner.com/it-glossary/it-governance Gartner's definition of IT governance-Gartner]</ref>
 *[https://www.cio.com/article/272051/governanceit-governance-definition-and-solutions.html CIO Magazine] defines IT Governance as "putting structure around how organizations align IT Strategy with business strategy, ensuring that companies stay on track to achieve their strategies and goals, and implementing good ways to measure IT’s performance." It makes sure that all stakeholders’ interests are taken into account and that processes provide measurable results. An  IT governance framework should answer some key questions, such as how the IT department is functioning overall, what key metrics management needs, and what return IT is giving back to the business from the investment it’s making.<ref>[https://www.cio.com/article/272051/governanceit-governance-definition-and-solutions.html What is IT Governance?-CIO Magazine]</ref>

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 Continuous improvement is a cornerstone of IT Governance. It involves regularly monitoring, evaluating, and enhancing IT practices and decision-making processes to adapt to evolving technological landscapes, organizational needs, and industry best practices.
-IT Governance incorporates comprehensive risk management practices. This includes conducting regular risk assessments, implementing mitigation strategies, and maintaining ongoing monitoring to identify, address, and prevent risks associated with technology adoption.
+IT Governance incorporates comprehensive [[Risk Management|risk management]] practices. This includes conducting regular risk assessments, implementing mitigation strategies, and maintaining ongoing monitoring to identify, address, and prevent [[Risk|risks]] associated with technology adoption.
 Furthermore, IT Governance is integrated with broader enterprise governance, ensuring a holistic and coherent approach to management across the entire organization. This integration enables informed decision-making regarding IT investments, optimizing the utilization of IT resources, mitigating risks, and ensuring that IT initiatives contribute effectively to the achievement of business objectives.
-In conclusion, IT Governance is a comprehensive and structured approach that guides how organizations manage and utilize IT to achieve their objectives. It includes various elements ranging from policy development, strategic alignment, stakeholder engagement, accountability, continuous improvement, risk management, and integration with broader governance.
+In conclusion, IT Governance is a comprehensive and structured approach that guides how organizations manage and utilize IT to achieve their objectives. It includes various elements ranging from policy development, strategic alignment, stakeholder engagement, accountability, continuous improvement, risk management, and integration with broader [[governance]].
 Simply put, IT Governance ensures:
 *effective and efficient use of information technology
-*alignment between IT Strategy and business strategy
+*alignment between [[IT Strategy (Information Technology Strategy)|IT Strategy]] and business strategy
 *maximum returns on IT investments
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 There are three widely recognized, vendor-neutral, third-party frameworks that are often described as 'IT governance frameworks'. While on their own they are not completely adequate for that task, each has significant IT governance strengths:
 *ITIL®: ITIL, or IT Infrastructure Library®, was developed by the UK's Cabinet Office as a library of best-practice processes for IT service management. Widely adopted around the world, ITIL is supported by ISO/IEC 20000:2011, against which independent certification can be achieved. On our ITIL page, you can access a free briefing paper on ITIL, IT service management, and ISO 20000.
-*COBIT®: Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology (COBIT) is an IT governance control framework that helps organizations meet today’s business challenges in the areas of regulatory compliance, risk management, and aligning IT strategy with organizational goals. COBIT is an internationally recognized framework. In particular, COBIT's Management Guidelines component contains a framework for the control and measurability of IT by providing tools to assess and measure the enterprise’s [[IT Capability]]ity for the 37 identified COBIT processes.
+*COBIT®: Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology (COBIT) is an IT governance control framework that helps organizations meet today’s business challenges in the areas of regulatory compliance, risk management, and aligning IT strategy with organizational goals. COBIT is an internationally recognized framework. In particular, COBIT's Management Guidelines component contains a framework for the control and measurability of IT by providing tools to assess and measure the enterprise’s [[IT Capability]] for the 37 identified COBIT processes.
 *ISO 27002: ISO 27002 (supported by ISO 27001), is the global best-practice standard for information security management in organizations.
 The challenge, for many organizations, is to establish a coordinated, integrated framework that draws on all three of these standards.<ref>[https://cioindex.com/references/it-governance-frameworks/]</ref>