Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) - Revision history

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 The concept of the internet of things first became popular in 1999, through the Auto-ID Center at MIT and related market-analysis publications. [[Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)|Radio-frequency identification (RFID)]] was seen by Kevin Ashton (one of the founders of the original Auto-ID Center) as a prerequisite for the internet of things at that point. If all objects and people in daily life were equipped with identifiers, [[Computer|computers]] could manage and inventory them. Besides using RFID, the tagging of things may be achieved through such technologies as near field communication, barcodes, QR codes and digital watermarking.
-The current conception of the IIoT arose after the emergence of [[Cloud Computing|cloud technology]] in 2002, which allows for the storage of [[Data|data]] to examine for historical trends, and the development of the OPC Unified [[Architecture]] protocol in 2006, which enabled secure, remote communications between devices, [[Computer Program|programs]], and data sources without the need for human [[intervention]] or interfaces.
+The current conception of the IIoT arose after the emergence of [[Cloud Computing|cloud technology]] in 2002, which allows for the storage of [[Data|data]] to examine for historical trends, and the development of the OPC Unified [[Architecture]] protocol in 2006, which enabled secure, remote communications between devices, programs, and data sources without the need for human [[intervention]] or interfaces.
 One of the first consequences of implementing the industrial internet of things (by equipping objects with minuscule identifying devices or machine-readable identifiers) would be to create instant and ceaseless inventory control. Another benefit of implementing an IIoT system is the ability to create a digital twin of the system. Utilizing this digital twin allows for further optimization of the system by allowing for experimentation with new data from the cloud without having to halt production or sacrifice safety, as the new processes can be refined virtually until they are ready to be implemented. A digital twin can also serve as a training ground for new employees who won't have to worry about real impacts to the live system.

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-The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), also known as the Industrial Internet, brings together brilliant machines, advanced analytics, and people at work. It’s the network of a multitude of industrial devices connected by communications technologies that results in systems that can monitor, collect, exchange, analyze, and deliver valuable new insights like never before. These insights can then help drive smarter, faster business decisions for industrial companies.<ref>What is Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)? [https://www.ge.com/digital/blog/everything-you-need-know-about-industrial-internet-things GE]</ref>
+'''The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)''', also known as the '''Industrial Internet''', brings together brilliant machines, advanced analytics, and people at work. It’s the network of a multitude of industrial devices connected by communications technologies that results in systems that can monitor, collect, exchange, analyze, and deliver valuable new insights like never before. These insights can then help drive smarter, faster business decisions for industrial companies.<ref>What is Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)? [https://www.ge.com/digital/blog/everything-you-need-know-about-industrial-internet-things GE]</ref>
-The idea of the industrial internet of things is based on the idea that the internet of things is uniquely useful to industry. For example, when General Electric chief executive Jeff Immelt calls the internet of things “beautiful, desirable and investable” in a Forbes piece posted in 2016, he’s describing some of the functionality that has led to today's smart factories and facilities. The industrial internet of things applies the idea of broad-spectrum internet connectivity to specific business goals and processes that create physical goods for markets. Many experts believe that the industrial internet of things will continue to make up a significant part of the multi-trillion dollar market that the internet of things currently represents.<ref>Explaining the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) [https://www.techopedia.com/definition/33015/industrial-internet-of-things-iiot Techopedia]</ref>
+The idea of the industrial internet of things is based on the idea that the internet of things is uniquely useful to industry. For example, when General Electric chief executive Jeff Immelt calls the internet of things “beautiful, desirable and investable” in a Forbes piece posted in 2016, he’s describing some of the functionality that has led to today's smart factories and facilities. The industrial internet of things applies the idea of broad-spectrum internet connectivity to specific [[Business Goals|business goals]] and [[Business Process|processes]] that create physical goods for [[Market|markets]]. Many experts believe that the industrial internet of things will continue to make up a significant part of the multi-trillion dollar market that the [[Internet of Things (IoT)|internet of things]] currently represents.<ref>Explaining the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) [https://www.techopedia.com/definition/33015/industrial-internet-of-things-iiot Techopedia]</ref>
 '''History of IIoT'''<ref>History of IIoT [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Internet_of_Things Wikipedia]</ref><br />
-The history of the IIoT begins with the invention of the programmable logic controller (PLC) by Dick Morley in 1968, which was used by General Motors in their automatic transmission manufacturing division.[9] These PLCs allowed for fine control of individual elements in the manufacturing chain. In 1975, Honeywell and Yokogawa introduced the world's first DCSs, the TDC 2000 and the CENTUM system, respectively. These DCSs were the next step in allowing flexible process control throughout a plant, with the added benefit of backup redundancies by distributing control across the entire system, eliminating a singular point of failure in a central control room.
+The history of the IIoT begins with the invention of the [[Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)|programmable logic controller (PLC)]] by Dick Morley in 1968, which was used by General Motors in their automatic transmission manufacturing division. These PLCs allowed for fine control of individual elements in the manufacturing chain. In 1975, Honeywell and Yokogawa introduced the world's first DCSs, the TDC 2000 and the CENTUM system, respectively. These DCSs were the next step in allowing flexible process control throughout a plant, with the added benefit of backup redundancies by distributing control across the entire system, eliminating a singular point of failure in a central control room.
 With the introduction of Ethernet in 1980, people began to explore the concept of a network of smart devices as early as 1982, when a modified Coke machine at Carnegie Mellon University became the first internet-connected appliance, able to report its inventory and whether newly loaded drinks were cold. As early as in 1994, greater industrial applications were envisioned, as Reza Raji described the concept in IEEE Spectrum as "[moving] small packets of data to a large set of nodes, so as to integrate and automate everything from home appliances to entire factories".
-The concept of the internet of things first became popular in 1999, through the Auto-ID Center at MIT and related market-analysis publications. Radio-frequency identification (RFID) was seen by Kevin Ashton (one of the founders of the original Auto-ID Center) as a prerequisite for the internet of things at that point. If all objects and people in daily life were equipped with identifiers, computers could manage and inventory them. Besides using RFID, the tagging of things may be achieved through such technologies as near field communication, barcodes, QR codes and digital watermarking.
+The concept of the internet of things first became popular in 1999, through the Auto-ID Center at MIT and related market-analysis publications. [[Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)|Radio-frequency identification (RFID)]] was seen by Kevin Ashton (one of the founders of the original Auto-ID Center) as a prerequisite for the internet of things at that point. If all objects and people in daily life were equipped with identifiers, [[Computer|computers]] could manage and inventory them. Besides using RFID, the tagging of things may be achieved through such technologies as near field communication, barcodes, QR codes and digital watermarking.
-The current conception of the IIoT arose after the emergence of cloud technology in 2002, which allows for the storage of data to examine for historical trends, and the development of the OPC Unified Architecture protocol in 2006, which enabled secure, remote communications between devices, programs, and data sources without the need for human intervention or interfaces.
+The current conception of the IIoT arose after the emergence of [[Cloud Computing|cloud technology]] in 2002, which allows for the storage of [[Data|data]] to examine for historical trends, and the development of the OPC Unified Architecture protocol in 2006, which enabled secure, remote communications between devices, [[Computer Program|programs]], and data sources without the need for human intervention or interfaces.
 One of the first consequences of implementing the industrial internet of things (by equipping objects with minuscule identifying devices or machine-readable identifiers) would be to create instant and ceaseless inventory control. Another benefit of implementing an IIoT system is the ability to create a digital twin of the system. Utilizing this digital twin allows for further optimization of the system by allowing for experimentation with new data from the cloud without having to halt production or sacrifice safety, as the new processes can be refined virtually until they are ready to be implemented. A digital twin can also serve as a training ground for new employees who won't have to worry about real impacts to the live system.
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 *Smart and connected assets and devices.
-An effective IIoT strategy relies on consolidating data in the cloud from multiple disparate systems, applying higher level analytics and leveraging experts who are often physically remote from the plant site. Predictive analytic solutions can transform work processes from manual and reactive to automatic and proactive, helping to avoid unplanned downtime and improving performance and safety. They allow businesses to keep closer track of everything going on in the plant, at remote locations, at subcontractor and supplier facilities, and on goods in transit anywhere in the world.
+An effective IIoT strategy relies on consolidating data in the cloud from multiple disparate systems, applying higher level analytics and leveraging experts who are often physically remote from the plant site. [[Predictive Analytics|Predictive analytic solutions]] can transform work processes from manual and reactive to automatic and proactive, helping to avoid unplanned downtime and improving performance and safety. They allow [[Business|businesses]] to keep closer track of everything going on in the plant, at remote locations, at subcontractor and supplier facilities, and on goods in transit anywhere in the world.
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 For any business that deals with the production and/or transportation of physical goods, IIoT can create game-changing operational efficiencies and present entirely new business models. The following are examples of ways in which IIoT technology could be applied in diverse industries.
 *Production – This is the industry in which most IIoT technology is currently being implemented. IIoT-enabled machines can self-monitor and predict potential problems. This means less downtime and greater overall efficiency.
-*Supply chain – With sensor-managed inventory, IIoT technology could take care of ordering supplies just before they go out of stock. This decreases the amount of waste produced while keeping necessary goods in stock and frees up employees to focus on other tasks.
+*[[Supply Chain|Supply chain]] – With sensor-managed inventory, IIoT technology could take care of ordering supplies just before they go out of stock. This decreases the amount of waste produced while keeping necessary goods in stock and frees up employees to focus on other tasks.
 *Building management – IIoT technology could make building management simpler and more secure. With sensor-driven climate control, the guesswork and frustration involved in manually changing a building’s climate will be eliminated. Additionally, devices that monitor entry points in the building and respond to potential threats quickly will increase the building’s security.
 *Healthcare – With devices that monitor patients remotely and notify healthcare providers as soon as patients’ statuses change, IIoT could cause healthcare to become more precise and responsive. Eventually, AI may even be able to take over patient diagnosis, meaning doctors are able to treat them sooner and more effectively.
-*Retail – IIoT technology has the potential to make quick, intelligent marketing decisions for individual stores. With storefronts that automatically update based on consumer interest and the ability to put together smart promotions, retail outlets that implement IIoT technology could gain a significant advantage over their competitors.
+*Retail – IIoT technology has the potential to make quick, intelligent [[Marketing|marketing]] decisions for individual stores. With storefronts that automatically update based on consumer interest and the ability to put together smart promotions, retail outlets that implement IIoT technology could gain a [[Competitive Advantage|significant advantage over their competitors]].
 '''Security Concerns for IIoT'''<ref>Security Concerns for IIoT [https://iiot-world.com/cybersecurity/four-most-hard-to-solve-iiot-security-issues/ IIOT World]</ref><br />
-IoT applications are generally built with and therefore inherit the lack of security of existing ICS devices. Existing IIoT networks are being augmented with existing ICS devices (without adequate security) to bring in additional data needed for big data analytics. Interconnected devices currently use custom protocols or gateways to get to universal protocols such as OPC Unified Architecture. Unfortunately, the custom protocols or gateways are often developed without sufficient security considerations.
+IoT applications are generally built with and therefore inherit the lack of security of existing ICS devices. Existing IIoT networks are being augmented with existing ICS devices (without adequate security) to bring in additional data needed for big data analytics. Interconnected devices currently use custom protocols or gateways to get to universal protocols such as [[OPC Unified Architecture]]. Unfortunately, the custom protocols or gateways are often developed without sufficient security considerations.
 The concept of IIoT comprises successive levels, along with their related security and operational issues:

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-'''Industrial Internet of Things IIoT Applications'''<ref>Potential Applications of Industrial Internet of Things IIoT  [https://www.visualcapitalist.com/industrial-internet-things-next-big-growth-driver/ Visual Capitalist]</ref><br />
+'''How Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) Works'''<ref>How Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) Works [https://www.controleng.com/articles/how-to-implement-the-industrial-internet-of-things/ Control Engineering]</ref><br />
 Like previous industrial revolutions, the IIoT will allow for greater automation of previously human-intensive work, creating greater productivity per man-hour invested. Some potential applications:
 *Smart Farming: Making use of the vast amounts of information from crop yields, soil-mapping, fertilizer applications, weather data, machinery, and animal health, to improve yields and cut costs in the modern farming environment.

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:26, 29 January 2019
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	One of the first consequences of implementing the industrial internet of things (by equipping objects with minuscule identifying devices or machine-readable identifiers) would be to create instant and ceaseless inventory control. Another benefit of implementing an IIoT system is the ability to create a digital twin of the system. Utilizing this digital twin allows for further optimization of the system by allowing for experimentation with new data from the cloud without having to halt production or sacrifice safety, as the new processes can be refined virtually until they are ready to be implemented. A digital twin can also serve as a training ground for new employees who won't have to worry about real impacts to the live system.		One of the first consequences of implementing the industrial internet of things (by equipping objects with minuscule identifying devices or machine-readable identifiers) would be to create instant and ceaseless inventory control. Another benefit of implementing an IIoT system is the ability to create a digital twin of the system. Utilizing this digital twin allows for further optimization of the system by allowing for experimentation with new data from the cloud without having to halt production or sacrifice safety, as the new processes can be refined virtually until they are ready to be implemented. A digital twin can also serve as a training ground for new employees who won't have to worry about real impacts to the live system.
−
−
−	~~'''How IIoT Works'''<ref>How IIoT Works [https://internetofthingsagenda.techtarget.com/definition/Industrial-Internet-of-Things-IIoT Techtarget]</ref><br />~~
−	IIoT is a network of devices connected via communications technologies to form systems that monitor, collect, exchange and analyze data, delivering valuable insights that enable industrial companies to make smarter business decisions faster. An industrial IoT system consists of:
−	*intelligent assets -- i.e., applications, controllers, sensors and security components -- that can sense, communicate and store information about themselves;
−	*data communications infrastructure, e.g., the cloud;
−	*analytics and applications that generate business information from raw data; and
−	*people.
−	Edge devices and intelligent assets transmit information directly to the data communications infrastructure, where it is converted into actionable information on how a certain piece of machinery is operating, for instance. This information can then be used for predictive maintenance, as well as to optimize business processes.
−
−
−	~~[[File:IIOT2.png\|400px\|IIOT Infrastructure]]<br />~~
−	~~source: [https://internetofthingsagenda.techtarget.com/definition/Industrial-Internet-of-Things-IIoT Techtarget]~~

@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
-'''Industrial Internet of Things IIoT Applications'''Potential Applications of Industrial Internet of Things IIoT  [https://www.visualcapitalist.com/industrial-internet-things-next-big-growth-driver/ Visual Capitalist]</ref><br />
+'''Industrial Internet of Things IIoT Applications'''<ref>Potential Applications of Industrial Internet of Things IIoT  [https://www.visualcapitalist.com/industrial-internet-things-next-big-growth-driver/ Visual Capitalist]</ref><br />
 Like previous industrial revolutions, the IIoT will allow for greater automation of previously human-intensive work, creating greater productivity per man-hour invested. Some potential applications:
 *Smart Farming: Making use of the vast amounts of information from crop yields, soil-mapping, fertilizer applications, weather data, machinery, and animal health, to improve yields and cut costs in the modern farming environment.
@@ Line 72: / Line 72: @@
-'''Basic security reference architecture in the new IT/OT environment'''<br />
+''Basic security reference architecture in the new IT/OT environment''<br />
 [[File:IIOT.png|400px|IIOT Security Architecture]]<br />
 source: [https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/security/definition/industrial-internet-of-things-iiot TrendMicro]
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-[[File:IIOT1.gif|400px|Benefits of IIOT]]
+[[File:IIOT1.gif|400px|Benefits of IIOT]]<br />
 source: [https://www.i-scoop.eu/internet-of-things-guide/industrial-internet-things-iiot-saving-costs-innovation/industrial-internet-things-iiot/ i-scoop]
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 ===Further Reading===