Process - Revision history

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 == References ==
 <references/>
 __NOTOC__

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-A '''process''' is a unique combination of tools, materials, methods, and people engaged in producing a measurable output; for example a manufacturing line for machine parts. All processes have inherent statistical variability which can be evaluated by statistical methods.<ref>Defining Process [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_capability Wikipedia]</ref>
+A '''process''' is a unique combination of tools, materials, methods, and people engaged in producing a measurable output; for example a manufacturing line for machine parts. All processes have inherent statistical variability which can be evaluated by statistical methods.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_capability Defining Process]</ref>
 Process is a series of systematic sequence of steps or actions that result in a deliverable. A process consumes resources aka "input" and produces a deliverable aka "output."
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 *Steps can execute in parallel
 The two important things in a process are steps and deliverables. A step itself is a series of actions that produces a deliverable that is used by the next step in a process. A deliverable is "something" of value - a component part, piece of software, tool, template, etc.
-The boundaries of a process, therefore, are arbitrary - where one draws a line can be driven by factors such as time, and organizational unit.<ref>What is Process? [https://cioindex.com/references/application-development/ Application Development]</ref>
+The boundaries of a process, therefore, are arbitrary - where one draws a line can be driven by factors such as time, and organizational unit.
-__TOC__
+== Other Definitions of Process<ref>[https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/p/process.htm What does Process Mean?]</ref> ==
 A process may refer to any of the following:
-*1. A process or running process refers to a set of instructions currently being processed by the computer processor. For example, in Windows, you can see each of the processes running by opening the Processes tab in Task Manager. Windows Processes are Windows Services and background programs you normally don't see running on the computer. A process may be a printer program that runs in the background and monitors the ink levels and other printer settings while the computer is running. A typical computer has dozens of processes running all of the time to help manage the operating system, its hardware, and the software running on the computer.
+#A process or running process refers to a set of instructions currently being processed by the computer processor. For example, in Windows, you can see each of the processes running by opening the Processes tab in Task Manager. Windows Processes are Windows Services and background programs you normally don't see running on the computer. A process may be a printer program that runs in the background and monitors the ink levels and other printer settings while the computer is running. A typical computer has dozens of processes running all of the time to help manage the operating system, its hardware, and the software running on the computer.
-*2. Process is also the act of manipulating, altering, or viewing data.
+#Process is also the act of manipulating, altering, or viewing data.
-*3. In general, process refers to a set of predetermined rules in place that must be followed.
+#In general, process refers to a set of predetermined rules in place that must be followed.
 A process is basically a program in execution. The execution of a process must progress in a sequential fashion. A process is defined as an entity that represents the basic unit of work to be implemented in the system. To put it in simple terms, we write our computer programs in a text file and when we execute this program, it becomes a process that performs all the tasks mentioned in the program. When a program is loaded into the memory and becomes a process, it can be divided into four sections ─ stack, heap, text, and data. The following image shows a simplified layout of a process inside the main memory −
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 [[File:Process.jpg|300px|Simplified layout of a process inside main memory]]<br />
-source: [https://www.tutorialspoint.com/operating_system/os_processes.htm Tutorialspoint]
+source: Tutorialspoint
-== Process in Operating Systems<ref>Process in Operating Systems [https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/process Techtarget]</ref> ==
+== Process in Operating Systems<ref>[https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/process Process in Operating Systems]</ref> ==
-In UNIX and some other operating systems, a process is started when a program is initiated (either by a user entering a shell command or by another program). Like a task, a process is a running program with which a particular set of data is associated so that the process can be kept track of. An application that is being shared by multiple users will generally have one process at some stage of execution for each user. A process can initiate a subprocess, which is called a child process (and the initiating process is sometimes referred to as its parent ). A child process is a replica of the parent process and shares some of its resources, but cannot exist if the parent is terminated. Processes can exchange information or synchronize their operation through several methods of [[Interprocess Communication (IPC)|interprocess communication (IPC)]].
+In UNIX and some other operating systems, a process is started when a program is initiated (either by a user entering a shell command or by another program). Like a task, a process is a running program with which a particular set of data is associated so that the process can be kept track of. An application that is being shared by multiple users will generally have one process at some stage of execution for each user. A process can initiate a subprocess, which is called a child process (and the initiating process is sometimes referred to as its parent ). A child process is a replica of the parent process and shares some of its resources, but cannot exist if the parent is terminated. Processes can exchange information or synchronize their operation through several methods of interprocess communication (IPC).
-Since most operating systems have many background tasks running, your computer is likely to have many more processes running than actual programs. This can be anything from a small background task, such as a spell-checker or system events handler to a full-blown application like Internet Explorer or Microsoft Word. For example, you may only have three programs running, but there may be twenty active processes. You can view active processes in Windows by opening the Task Manager (press Ctrl-Alt-Delete and click Task Manager). On a Mac, you can see active processes by opening Activity Monitor (in the Applications → Utilities folder). The term "process" can also be used as a verb, which means to perform a series of operations on a set of data. For example, your computer's CPU processes information sent to it by various programs. All processes are composed of one or more threads.<ref>Understanding Processes on Operating Systems [https://techterms.com/definition/process Techterms]</ref>
+Since most operating systems have many background tasks running, your computer is likely to have many more processes running than actual programs. This can be anything from a small background task, such as a spell-checker or system events handler to a full-blown application like Internet Explorer or Microsoft Word. For example, you may only have three programs running, but there may be twenty active processes. You can view active processes in Windows by opening the Task Manager (press Ctrl-Alt-Delete and click Task Manager). On a Mac, you can see active processes by opening Activity Monitor (in the Applications → Utilities folder). The term "process" can also be used as a verb, which means to perform a series of operations on a set of data. For example, your computer's CPU processes information sent to it by various programs. All processes are composed of one or more threads.<ref>[https://techterms.com/definition/process Understanding Processes on Operating Systems]</ref>
-== Process and Threads<ref>Process and Threads [https://www.computerworld.com/article/2585661/processes-and-threads.html Computer World]</ref> ==
+== Process and Threads<ref>[https://www.computerworld.com/article/2585661/processes-and-threads.html Process and Threads]</ref> ==
 Processes and threads have one goal: Getting a computer to do more than one thing at a time. To do that, the processor (or processors) must switch smoothly among several tasks, which requires application programs designed to share the computer's resources.
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-== Process State<ref>Process State [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_state Wikipedia]</ref> ==
+== Process State<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_state Process State]</ref> ==
 An operating system kernel that allows multitasking needs processes to have certain states. Names for these states are not standardized, but they have similar functionality. The following typical process states are possible on computer systems of all kinds. In most of these states, processes are "stored" in the main memory.
 The figure below shows the various process states, displayed in a state diagram, with arrows indicating possible transitions between states - as can be seen, some processes are stored in main memory (yellow), and some are stored in secondary memory (green).
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 *Blocked: A process transitions to a blocked state when it cannot carry on without an external change in state or event occurring. For example, a process may block a call to an I/O device such as a printer, if the printer is not available. Processes also commonly block when they require user input or require access to a critical section that must be executed atomically. Such critical sections are protected using a synchronization object such as a semaphore or mutex.
 *Terminated: A process may be terminated, either from the "running" state by completing its execution or by explicitly being killed. In either of these cases, the process moves to the "terminated" state. The underlying program is no longer executing, but the process remains in the process table as a zombie process until its parent process calls the wait system call to read its exit status, at which point the process is removed from the process table, finally ending the process's lifetime. If the parent fails to call wait, this continues to consume the process table entry (concretely the process identifier or PID) and causes a resource leak.
 '''Additional Process States'''<br />
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 *[[Process Optimization]]
 *[[Process Performance Measurement]]
 == References ==
 <references/>

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 == See Also ==
 *[[Business Process]]
 *[[Process Analysis]]
 *[[Process Analytics]]

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 == Process in Operating Systems<ref>Process in Operating Systems [https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/process Techtarget]</ref> ==
-In UNIX and some other operating systems, a process is started when a [[Computer Program|program]] is initiated (either by a user entering a shell command or by another program). Like a task, a process is a running program with which a particular set of data is associated so that the process can be kept track of. An [[application]] that is being shared by multiple users will generally have one process at some stage of execution for each user. A process can initiate a subprocess, which is called a child process (and the initiating process is sometimes referred to as its parent ). A child process is a replica of the parent process and shares some of its resources, but cannot exist if the parent is terminated. Processes can exchange information or synchronize their operation through several methods of [[Interprocess Communication (IPC)|interprocess communication (IPC)]].
+In UNIX and some other operating systems, a process is started when a program is initiated (either by a user entering a shell command or by another program). Like a task, a process is a running program with which a particular set of data is associated so that the process can be kept track of. An [[application]] that is being shared by multiple users will generally have one process at some stage of execution for each user. A process can initiate a subprocess, which is called a child process (and the initiating process is sometimes referred to as its parent ). A child process is a replica of the parent process and shares some of its resources, but cannot exist if the parent is terminated. Processes can exchange information or synchronize their operation through several methods of [[Interprocess Communication (IPC)|interprocess communication (IPC)]].
 Since most operating systems have many background tasks running, your computer is likely to have many more processes running than actual programs. This can be anything from a small background task, such as a spell-checker or system events handler to a full-blown application like [[Internet]] Explorer or Microsoft Word. For example, you may only have three programs running, but there may be twenty active processes. You can view active processes in Windows by opening the Task Manager (press Ctrl-Alt-Delete and click Task Manager). On a Mac, you can see active processes by opening Activity Monitor (in the Applications → Utilities folder). The term "process" can also be used as a verb, which means to perform a series of operations on a set of data. For example, your computer's CPU processes information sent to it by various programs. All processes are composed of one or more threads.<ref>Understanding Processes on Operating Systems [https://techterms.com/definition/process Techterms]</ref>

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 *[[Business Process]]
 *[[Process Analysis]]
 *[[Process Capability]]
 *[[Process Model]]
 == References ==
 <references/>

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 == See Also ==
-[[Business Process]]<br />
+*[[Business Process]]
-[[Process Analysis]]<br />
+*[[Process Analysis]]
-[[Process Analytics]]<br />
+*[[Process Analytics]]
-[[Process Architecture]]<br />
+*[[Process Architecture]]
-[[Process Capability]]<br />
+*[[Process Capability]]
-[[Process Capability Assessment Model (PCAT)]]<br />
+*[[Process Capability Assessment Model (PCAT)]]
-[[Process Classification Framework (PCF)]]<br />
+*[[Process Classification Framework (PCF)]]
-[[Process Control]]<br />
+*[[Process Control]]
-[[Process Decision Program Chart]]<br />
+*[[Process Decision Program Chart]]
-[[Process Hierarchy Diagram]]<br />
+*[[Process Hierarchy Diagram]]
-[[Process Integration]]<br />
+*[[Process Integration]]
-[[Process Mapping]]<br />
+*[[Process Mapping]]
-[[Process Mining]]<br />
+*[[Process Mining]]
-[[Process Model]]<br />
+*[[Process Model]]
-[[Process Optimization]]<br />
+*[[Process Optimization]]
-[[Mainframe]]<br />
+*[[Mainframe]]
-[[Operating System (OS)]]<br />
+*[[Operating System (OS)]]
-[[Central Processing Unit (CPU)]]<br />
+*[[Central Processing Unit (CPU)]]
-[[Computer Networking]]<br />
+*[[Computer Networking]]
-[[Computer Program]]<br />
+*[[Computer Program]]
-[[Computer-Aided Process Planning (CAPP)]]
+*[[Computer-Aided Process Planning (CAPP)]]
+*[[IT Strategic Plan (Information Technology Strategic Plan)]]
 == References ==
 <references/>